ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on energy metabolism and oxidative stress in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Worms in three adult stages (young adult stage, egg-laying stage and peak egg-laying stage) were investigated under 50 Hz, 3 mT ELF-EMF exposure. ATP levels, ATP synthase activity in vivo, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, and changes of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were detected, and worms' oxidative stress responses were also evaluated under ELF-EMF exposure. The results showed that ATP levels were significantly increased under this ELF-EMF exposure, and mitochondrial ATP synthase activity was upregulated simultaneously. In young adult stage, worms' ROS level was significantly elevated, together with upregulated TAC but with a decreased ROS-TAC score indicated by principal component analysis. ROS level and TAC of worms had no significant changes in egg-laying and peak egg-laying stages. Based on these results, we concluded that ELF-EMF can enhance worm energy metabolism and elicit oxidative stress, mainly manifesting as ATP and ROS level elevation together with ATP synthase upregulation and ROS-TAC score decrease in young adult C. elegans.
Subject(s)
Animals , Adenosine Triphosphate , Metabolism , Caenorhabditis elegans , Radiation Effects , Electromagnetic Radiation , Energy Metabolism , Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases , Metabolism , Oxidative Stress , Reactive Oxygen SpeciesABSTRACT
A male patient, 55 years old, was found from a container yard 65 h later following a chemical warehouse explosion in Tianjin, China on August 12, 2015. He was about 50 m away from the explosion center. He was subjected to compound multiple trauma, multi-viscera function damage, multiple fractures, hemothorax, traumatic wet lung, respiratory failure I, hypovolemic shock and impaired liver and kidney functions. After a series of successful treatments, he was rescued and recovered well.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Blast Injuries , Therapeutics , China , Explosions , Multiple Trauma , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
Objective To examine the cognitive function of the childhood schizophrenia and healthy children,and to explore the characterized impairment of cognitive function in childhood schizophrenia.Methods Fifty untreated children with first-episode schizophrenia(schizophrenia group) and 50 healthy children(control group) were enrolled in the study.Chinese Wechsler intelligence scale for children (C-WISC),Wiscosin Cards Sorting Test (WCST),Stroop test and Trail making test A and B(TMT-A/B) were used to measure the cognitive function.The Clinical features were assessed with the scale for positive and negative syndrome(PANSS).Results Full intelligence quotient (FIQ),verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ) and performance intelligence quotient (PIQ) in schizophrenia group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P ＜ 0.05),but the change between VIQ and PIQ in schizophrenia group was higher than that in the control group(P =0.023).The complete categories in schizophrenia group were significantly lower than that in the control group(P ＜ 0.05).The total number of errors and the continuous errors in the schizophrenia group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P ＜0.05).No significant difference of the random errors was observed between the schizophrenia group and the control group.The times to complete word A,color B,double-word C and double-color D in the control group were significantly less than those in the schizophrenia group(P ＜ 0.05).The reaction time of Trail Making Test A/B and the error number of B in the schizophrenia group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P ＜ 0.05).No significant difference of the A error numbers were observed between the 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05).There were significant negative relationships between the negative syndrome and VIQ,PIQ(P ＜0.05) ;in contrast,there was significantly positive relationship between the negative syndrome and the A error numbers (P ＜ 0.05).There was significantly negative relationship between the total score of PANSS and completed categories (P ＜ 0.05).Multiple regression analysis showed that:there was a significant correlation between the damage of cognitive function in children and negative symptoms,PANSS total score,gender,age,years of education and place of residence (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Children with first-episode schizophrenia have multiple cognitive deficits in speed of processing working memory,spatial memory,attention and executive function.Some of the cognitive impairments have certain relationships with negative syndrome.